Optimal operating conditions to maximize the net power of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: The stack-system interface of a commercial 18 kW module

A new, experimental method based on air flow rate rather than current is presented to optimize operating parameters for the stacks and systems of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for maximizing their net power. This approach is illustrated for a commercial 18 kW PEMFC module. The impact of contamination pressure drop across the cathode air filter is also investigated on the compressor behavior. It is further shown that a 4V reduction in the compressor voltage reduces its power consumption by 9.1%. Using the 3D graphs of the power-pressure-flow data, it is found that the stack pressure of 180 kPaa is superior to the higher tested pressures as it enhances the net power by 7.0 and 13.7% at different conditions. Application of the present study will lead to the development of PEMFCs with higher power output by optimizing stack pressure, stoichiometry and air flow to properly deliver the system design specifications.     

Modeling and Verification of a Sentiment Analysis System Using Aspect-Oriented Petri Nets

An increasing number of social media and networking platforms have been widely used. People usually post the online comments to share their own opinions on the networking platforms with social media. Business companies are increasingly seeking effective ways to mine what people think and feel regarding their products and services. How to correctly understand the online customers’ reviews becomes an important issue. This study aims to propose a method with the aspect-oriented Petri nets (AOPN) to improve the examination correctness without changing any process and program. We collect those comments from the online reviews with Scrapy tools, perform sentiment analysis using SnowNLP, and examine the analysis results to improve the correctness. In this paper, we apply our method for a case of the online movie comments. The experimental results have shown that AOPN is helpful for the sentiment analysis and verifying its correctness.     

Immiscible PHB/PBS and PHB/PBSA blends: morphology,phase composition and modelling of elastic modulus

This paper reports the thermal, morphological and mechanical properties of environmentally friendly poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and PHB/poly[(butylene succinate)-co-(butylene adipate)] (PBSA) blends, prepared by melt mixing. The blends are known to be immiscible, as also confirmed by the thermodynamic analysis here presented. A detailed quantification of the crystalline and amorphous fractions was performed, in order to interpret the mechanical properties of the blends. As expected, the ductility increased with increasing PBS or PBSA amount, but in parallel the decrease in the elastic modulus appeared limited. Surprisingly, the elastic modulus was found properly described by the rule of mixtures in the whole composition range, thus attesting mechanical compatibility between the two blend components. This unusual behavior has been explained as due to co-continuous morphology, present in a wide composition range, but also at the same time as the result of shrinkage occurring during sequential crystallization of the two components, which can lead to physical adhesion between matrix and dispersed phase. For the first time, the elastic moduli of the crystalline and mobile amorphous fractions of PBS and PBSA and of the mobile amorphous fraction of PHB at ambient temperature have been estimated through a mechanical modelling approach. © 2021 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.     

采用随机Petri网的嵌入式机载软件可靠性检测

针对嵌入式机载软件设计中存在的典型缺陷问题，结合嵌入式机载软件任务调度特性，提出采用随机Petri网对嵌入式机载软件设计进行仿真验证的可靠性检测方法，以提高嵌入式机载软件设计的可靠性。该方法采用随机Petri网对嵌入式机载软件系统行为建模，并给出典型缺陷的检测策略和判定准则，然后通过对Petri网模型进行仿真验证，检测系统是否存在此类设计缺陷；并给出了软件设计的运行流程的仿真验证算法，以支持对相应设计的可靠性检测。通过与其他可靠性检测方法的比较，表明了该方法的有效性。     

International Trade

Values of net oil imports(-)/exports for Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Japan, Canada, the United States and Australia. Updated on a monthly basis. Number of imports for Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and Other EU-15 (EU-15), Norway, Poland, Switzerland, Turkey, and Other Europe (OECD Europe), Canada, Chile, Mexico, and the United States (OECD Western Hemisphere), and Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, (OECD Asia-Pacific), and Total OECED. Current data for Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Other EU-15 (EU-15), Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Turkey, and Other Europe (OECD Europe), Canada, Mexico, and the United States (OECD Western Hemisphere), Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, and New Zealand (OECD Asia-Pacific). Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for principal importers of natural gas and the amount in which they import from United States, Republic of Korea, United Kingdom, France, Japan, Italy, Germany and Spain (Table 19.1). Current data for principal exporters of natural gas and the amount they export to Canada, Trinidad and Tobago, the United States, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Turkmenistan, Qatar, Algeria, Nigeria, Indonesia, Malaysia and Australia (Table 19.2). Updated on a monthly basis.     

Ti-xCr-yCu钛基材料的制备及组织性能研究

通过粉末冶金法制备了Ti-xCr、Ti-yCu及Ti-xCr-yCu钛基材料,研究了Cr、Cu含量对其相组成、显微组织、压缩屈服强度、弹性模量以及切削加工性能的影响规律。结果表明:随Cr含量的增加,Ti-xCr钛基材料依次出现了Ti_4Cr、TiCr_2及Cr相,其压缩屈服强度表现出先增大后减小的趋势,当Cr含量为10%时其屈服强度达到最大值(710 MPa),同时,添加Cr元素有利于降低钛基材料的弹性模量,最低可达25 GPa。添加Cu元素的钛基材料,随Cu含量的增加,Ti_2Cu相增加,并且显微组织细化,屈服强度降低;弹性模量受Cu含量影响较小而受烧结温度影响较大。添加Cr和Cu元素的钛基材料,其显微组织主要为网篮组织,弹性模量低于纯钛,其中添加Cu元素有利于细化层片,添加Cr元素有利于细化等轴组织。此外,Cr含量为5%时,钛基材料具有较佳的切削加工性能。     

Use of nets treated with food-grade coatings on dry-cured ham to control Tyrophagus putrescentiae infestations without impacting sensory properties

Dry-cured hams may become infested with the ham mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae during aging. Food-grade coatings have been developed to control mite infestations as a potential alternative to replace methyl bromide, but dipping or spraying these coatings requires additional labor and processing steps. Nets composed of polyester, a polyester/cotton blend and cotton were infused with coatings that consisted of propylene glycol, and either propylene glycol alginate and carrageenan or xanthan gum. Results indicated that the polyester/cotton blend and cotton nets that contained propylene glycol were effective at controlling mite infestations in assays with ham cubes covered in nets. The polyester nets slowed mite growth but were not effective at controlling mite reproduction due to low absorbance of the coatings. Polyester/cotton blend nets treated with coatings on whole hams were not different from control hams with respect to flavor, texture and moistness. Mite infestation tests on whole hams indicated that coated nets with greater stitch densities were effective at controlling mite growth. Future research will include the optimization of coating formulations and scaled-up testing in dry-cured ham plants.     

基于双向流固耦合弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器建模及动力学特性研究

利用数值方法建立了弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器(ERSFD)的流固耦合模型,分别利用有限元方法以及有限体积法建立了弹性环和内外油膜的CFD数值模型,并进一步利用分时迭代的弱耦合方法实现了油膜以及弹性环控制方程的耦合求解,获得了内油膜的压力分布特性及弹性环的变形,并进一步识别了油膜和弹性环的动力学特性系数;研究了涡动频率、凸台数目、凸台高度、凸台宽度以及弹性环厚度对阻尼器动力学特性系数的影响。结果表明,弹性环的凸台高度对ERSFD油膜动力学特性系数的影响最为明显,ERSFD油膜阻尼与涡动频率无关。     

BHDDF350型联轴器失效分析及改进设计

联轴器在旋转过程中连续传递扭矩且具备一定缓冲和减振的保护作用,而又不改变初始旋转方向和扭矩大小,BHDDF350型联轴器是某型矿用减速机与电机之间的扭矩传动部件。从该型联轴器的运行工况、结构分布、损坏形式等方面查找并分析了其失效原因,依据其受力分析提出了改进型设计方案,以供业内参考。改进设计后的联轴器,弹性块受力均匀,且最大受力降比30%以上,可有效延长联轴器的整体使用寿命,减少了煤矿井下日常的维护工作量。     

匹配机械弹性车轮的电子稳定控制器参数分析

为了提高匹配机械弹性车轮(MEW)的某越野车操纵稳定性，考虑MEW与传统子午线轮胎侧偏特性存在的不确定性摄动，基于Lyapunov稳定性理论为电子稳定控制(ESC)程序设计了鲁棒反馈控制器；引入轮胎侧偏刚度不确定性的范数有界模型，运用Schur补引理和线性矩阵不等式(LMI)求解反馈矩阵。设定不同的车速和路面附着系数，通过搭建CarSim/Simulink联合仿真平台对控制器展开鱼钩试验，仿真结果表明，匹配MEW的ESC控制器能够保证车辆行驶的稳定性，横摆角速度与质心侧偏角跟踪误差分别稳定在0.03~0.3 rad/s与0.06~0.1 rad之内，并且设计的控制算法对MEW在05倍普通充气车轮侧偏刚度变化范围内具有很好的鲁棒性，从而为匹配MEW的整车主动安全控制提供了理论参考。